MICROSCOPY

MICROSCOPY
 





By: Scribe Valdemir Mota de Menezes

The use of microscope is very useful in the study of practical science lessons. The microscope is a device that expands the vision of objects and substances that are often not seen by the naked eye. The microscope is used for research purposes and in health. The observation and recording of data collected on the lens of the microscope allows us to acquire knowledge of the micro universe. There are various types of microscopes and each has a specific and according to the purpose of the study should be used: the simplest to the most sophisticated electronics.
 
 Optical microscope - the most widely used in schools and universities
Human curiosity and the fantastic world of science had, among many other discoveries, the microscope apparatus capable of enhancing the image of small objects. The credit for this amazing invention was given, in 1591, the Dutch Hans Janssen and his son Zacharias, glasses manufacturers. They magnified images and very small objects observed by means of two glass lenses mounted on the ends of a tube.
Subsequently, the Dutchman Antonie van Leewenhoek built microscopes only one lens, small and nearly spherical, between two copper plates, perfecting the instrument. It was the first to use the microscope in order to understand the nature and materials studied so as stagnant water, plant embryo, blood, semen and visualized micro-organisms.
With these findings, Robert Hooke was commissioned to build an even more powerful microscope. He developed a device with two lenses set on the ends of a metal tube. And by having two lenses, the eye and the lens, known as compound microscope. Consequently, new research has been done and improved technology.
Currently, the devices used in biology labs of schools and universities are mostly or photonic optical microscopes that use light. They have two sets of lenses of glass or crystal, and generally provide magnifications of 100 to 1000 times. The light projected through the object under observation, through the lens of the objective and reaches the observer's eye. Is then used a micrometer and macrômetro to focus on the subject in the studied section and fractionated charriot to perform the scan, which is the visualization of the different fields of a blade.
For the best use of the microscope, several techniques have been formalized and innovations have been made. Dyes, fasteners, microtome, smear, crushing. These are some materials and some techniques that are required in a laboratory using microscopy.
The different techniques used in microscopy also depend laboratory purposes. For example, if the blades are for educational purposes, one should try to mount a permanent blade, however, the blade is prepared for laboratory tests in health care, such as cell counts, this technique should be discarded following the rules biosecurity needed.
There are also electronic microscopes, which allowed a more detailed study of the internal structure of the cell, may provide increased 5 thousand and 100 thousand times.
In the transmission electron microscope there, instead of light, an electron beam passing through the biological material, producing the image. Already the scanning electron microscope by means also of electrons is studied details of surfaces of solid objects. The material should be dehydrated, coated with a thin layer of metal. With the movement of an electron beam, the material surface is captured by a sensor and then there is a computer interpretation of that surface.